Radiation emergencies may seem like something from a science fiction film, but preparedness for one is a very real—and relatively achievable—means to save yourself and your loved ones. Whether it’s a nuclear blast, a power plant malfunction, or an accident with radioactive materials, having a good idea of what to do beforehand, during, and afterwards can make all the difference.
Radiation emergencies may occur in various ways. There are nuclear blasts, as ominous as they sound; nuclear power plant accidents; transportation accidents involving radiated freight; and even on-the-job exposures in hospitals or laboratories. The silver lining? Regardless of the scenario, the fundamental protective measures remain the same. As Ready.gov explains, the trick is easy: go inside, remain inside, and stay informed. The objective is to have as much solid matter between you and any radiation as possible until updates from emergency officials become available.
It pays to be prepared in advance. Begin by ensuring that you have multiple means to receive emergency alerts—this could be through the FEMA app, local alerting, or even a battery-powered or hand-crank radio. It’s also smart to build an emergency kit with essentials like sealed food and water, medications, a change of clothes, and a trash bag for anything contaminated. Don’t overlook a family communication plan. Figure out where you’d meet if you’re separated, choose an out-of-state contact, and know the emergency procedures for your home, school, or workplace.
When an alert is issued, act fast. Get indoors as quickly as possible, away from windows, and go to the middle of the building or, preferably, a basement. If you’re outside, lie flat with your face down to shield your body from the heat and the shrapnel, and then get indoors as soon as you can. The best shelter is basements or inner spaces of large, heavy buildings—brick and concrete are ideal. Basements and subway stations underground also provide good shelter. When you get there, lock the door and plan on staying put for at least 24 hours unless there is some other imminent threat, such as a fire, or unless emergency responders give you an all-clear. Radiation levels decrease rapidly within that first day, so being indoors is one of the most significant actions you can take.
When taking shelter, close down any device that introduces outside air—turn off heaters, air conditioners, and fans. Close all doors, windows, and fireplace dampers. And your pets, too—keep them inside with you. Stay tuned for official word on evacuation routes and when it’s time to leave.
If you think you’ve been contaminated with a radioactive substance, don’t panic. Removing your outer gear can eliminate as much as 90 percent of radioactive particles. Do it slowly not to send any dust or particles floating around, and don’t touch your face. If possible, shower with soap and water, or clean exposed skin and hair with a clean, wet cloth. Don’t use hand sanitizer or household wipes—nothing works against radiation. If your pets were outside, gently brush their fur and bathe them if possible.
Food and water safety is also a critical part of the equation. Anything that was in your home or another building is safe to eat or drink. If sealed containers were outside, you could clean them off before using them. Don’t eat unpackaged food that was outside or food from a garden until it’s verified by officials as being safe.
Radiation emergencies are stressful—it’s completely normal to feel anxious or overwhelmed. It’s important to take care of your mental health just as much as your physical safety. According to Ready.gov, surviving a radiation event can be traumatic, and it helps to talk to someone if you’re feeling upset or need support.
Lastly, community preparedness and continuous learning are the way to remain safe. Programs such as FEMA provide information and training to individuals, families, and emergency personnel. The more you learn, the better you’ll react—and you don’t have to be a superhero to save the day
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