The risk U.S. transportation, environmental, communications and other regulators will take aim at Elon Musk’s many businesses became a real threat after the billionaire’s deep political ties with President Donald Trump disintegrated on Thursday.
Below is a list of U.S. regulators who oversee Musk’s companies, including automaker Tesla, rocket and satellite company SpaceX, brain implant company Neuralink, social media platform X and construction firm The Boring Company.
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission in April voted to open a review of the decades-old spectrum sharing regime between satellite systems sought by SpaceX. SpaceX wants access to new spectrum from the FCC in the coming years to speed deployment of satellite-based internet service.
The review by the U.S. telecom regulator aims to allow a greater and more intensive use of spectrum for space activities. Existing reductions approved in the 1990s limit power usage that prevent better coverage from SpaceX’s Starlink and other systems.
Food and Drug Administration
The FDA oversees the clinical trials for Neuralink, Musk’s brain implant company, deciding whether such trials can take place and whether Neuralink can eventually sell its device to consumers. The agency already approved such trials in the U.S. Neuralink has also been pursuing clinical trials outside the U.S, including in Canada.
The FDA had initially rejected Neuralink’s request to start clinical trials, citing safety risks, Reuters reported in 2023. The agency has since given the startup approval to do clinical trials, which are ongoing.
Environmental Protection Agency
SpaceX faces environmental regulations from the EPA, which oversees the company’s wastewater discharges at its operating site in Texas.
The company’s operations are also subject to environmental reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act, with several agencies including the Fish and Wildlife Service required to analyze the impact of the company’s rocket launches and landings on land, water and wildlife.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Tesla faces ongoing oversight from U.S. auto safety investigators about the safety of its vehicles especially when using advanced driver assistance systems. Last month, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration asked Tesla to answer questions on its plans to launch a paid robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, in June, in order to assess how the electric vehicle maker’s cars with full self-driving technology will perform in poor weather.
NHTSA has been investigating Tesla’s full self-driving collisions in reduced roadway visibility conditions since October. The agency said it is seeking additional information about Tesla’s development of robotaxis “to assess the ability of Tesla’s system to react appropriately to reduced roadway visibility conditions” as well details on robotaxi deployment plans and the technology being used.
Federal Aviation Administration
In September, the FAA proposed a $633,000 fine against SpaceX for failing to follow license requirements in 2023 before two launches. That investigation remains open. The FAA could also impose new restrictions or additional scrutiny after a series of explosions of SpaceX launches.
Securities and Exchange Commission
Musk is embroiled in litigation with the SEC over his 2022 takeover of Twitter, with Musk now due to respond to those allegations next month.
The regulator also had opened an investigation into his company Neuralink according to a December letter from Musk’s lawyer he posted on social media platform X.
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC is a consumer protection agency that ensures social media companies like Musk’s platform X protect children’s privacy and safeguard Americans’ data.
The FTC, which also enforces antitrust law, recently opened a probe into coordination between media watchdog groups, some of whom Musk has accused of orchestrating an illegal group advertiser boycott against his social media site.
